Abbreviations, contrivances for saving time in writing and space in printing. Some abbreviations are mere signs such as $, +, &, used by common consent for certain words or expressions. Abbreviations of a second kind are formed by dropping off letters, often all but the initial letter. "Esq." and "Dec." are abbreviations formed by dropping all but the first syllable and affixing a period. Contractions differ from abbreviations in that they are formed by dropping intermediate letters out of a word. "Can't" and "rec'd," for instance, are contractions for "can not" and "received." The omission of letters is indicated by the use of an apostrophe. Abbreviations are not considered safe in legal documents, nor are they always in good taste. It is not in good form, for instance, to write a friend, "Last Fri. we saw Prof. W. and Capt. Eliot going out Euclid Ave. to visit Pres. Garfield's monument." The following abbreviations are among those in common use: A A. Acre; America. A. B. or B. A. Artium Baccalaureus, Bachelor of Arts. A. D. Anno domini, In the year of our Lord. Adj., or adj. Adjective. Ad lib. Ad libitum, At pleasure. Adv., or adv. Advocate; Advent; Adverb. AE., or AEt. AEtatis, Of age. Ag. Argentum, Silver. Agr. Agriculture. Agt. Agent. Al. Aluminum. Ala. Alabama. Alas. Alaska. Alt. Altitude. A. M. Ante meridiem, Before noon; or, Anno mundi, In the year of the world; or, Artium Magister, Master of Arts. Anon. Anonymous. Ans., or ans. Answer. A. O. U. American Ornithologists' Union. Aq. Aqua, Water. As. Arsenic. Att., or Atty. Attorney. Au. Aurum, Gold. A. U. C. Anno urbis conditae, or, Ab urbe condita, In the year from the building of the city, i. e., Rome. Aug. August. Av. Average. Av., or Ave. Avenue. Avoir. Avoirdupois. B b. Born. B. A. British America; Bachelor of Arts. Ba. Barium. Bal. Balance. Bar. Barleycorn; Barrel. Bart. Baronet. Bbl. Barrel; Bbls., Barrels. B. C. Before Christ; Board of Control; British Columbia. B. D. Bachelor of Divinity. Bdls. Bundles. Bds. (Bound in) Boards. Be. Beryllium, Glucinum. B. I. British India. Bi. Bismuth. B. O. Buyer's Option. Bor. Boron. Bot. Botany, Botanical, Botanist; Bought. Bp. Bishop. Bro. Brother; Bros., Brothers. B. S. Baccalaureus scientiae, Bachelor of Science. Bus., or bush. Bushel. C C. Carbon; Caesar; Church; Congress; Consul; Centigrade; Catholic; Centum, A hundred; Cent; Centime. C., or cub. Cubic. Ca. Calcium; Circa, About. Cal. California. Can. Canada. Cantabrigiensis, Of Cambridge. Cap. Capital; Caput, Chapter. Caps., or caps. Capitals. Capt. Captain. Cash. Cashier. Cat. Catalogue. Cath. Catholic; Catharine; Cathedral. Cd. Cadmium. C. E. Civil Engineer. Ce. Cerium. Cel. Celsius. Celt. Celtic. Cent. Centigrade; Centum, A hundred. Cf., or cf. Confer, Compare. cg. Centigram. C. G. S. Centimeter, Gram, Second. C. H. Courthouse; Customhouse. Ch. Church; Chapter; Charles; Charlotte; Chaldron. Chanc. Chancellor. Chap. Chapter. Chas. Charles. Chem. Chemistry, Chemical. cir. Circa, circum, About. Cl. Chlorine. cl. Centiliter. cm. Centimeter. Co. Cobalt; Company; County. C. O. D. Cash (or Collect) on Delivery. Col. Colonel. Coll., or Colloq. Colloquial. Col., or Colo. Colorado. Com. Commissioner; Commodore; Committee; Commerce; Common; Commander. Cong. Congress; Congregation, Congregational. Conj., or conj. Conjunction. Conn. Connecticut. Cop., or Copt. Coptic. Cor. Corinthians. Cor. Sec. Corresponding Secretary. Cr. Credit, Creditor; Chromium. C. S. A. Confederate States of America. Ct. Connecticut; Count; Court. Ct., or ct. Cent; Centum, A hundred. Cts., or cts. Cents. Cu. Cuprum, Copper. Cwt., or cwt. Hundredweight. D D. David; Didymium. D., or d. Day; Died; Dime; Daughter; Deputy; Degree; Denarius, or Denarii, A penny, or pence. Dan. Danish; Daniel. D. C. District of Columbia. D.D. Divinitatis Doctor, Doctor of Divinity. Dec. December; Declination; Declension. dekag. Dekagram. dekal. Dekaliter. dekam. Dekameter. Del. Delaware; Delegate. Del., or del. Delineavit, He (or she) drew it. Dem. Democrat, Democratic. Den. Denmark. Dep. Deputy; Department. Dept. Department; Deponent. Deut. Deuteronomy. Dft., or dft. Defendant. D. G. Dei gratia, By the grace of God; Deo gratias, Thanks to God. dg. Decigram. D. H. Deadhead. Di. Didymium. Dict. Dictionary. Dim., or dimin. Diminutive; Diminuendo. Div. Dividend, Division, Divide, Divided, Divisor. dl. Deciliter. D. Lit. Doctor of Literature. dm. Decimeter. Do., or do. Ditto, The same. Dol., or dol. Dollar. Doz., or doz. Dozen. Dr. Debtor; Doctor. Dr., or dr. Dram, Drams. D. V. Deo volente, God willing. Dwt., or dwt. Pennyweight. E E. East; English. E., or e. Eagle, Eagles. ea. Each. Eccl., or Eccles. Ecclesiastes; Ecclesiastical. Ed. Editor. Ed., or ed. Edition. Edin. Edinburgh. Edw. Edward. e.g. Exempli gratia, For example. E. I. East Indies, East India. Eng. England, English; Engraving. Engin. Engineering. Ent., or Entom. Entomology. Ep. Epistle. Eph. Ephesians; Ephraim. Epiph. Epiphany. Epis. Episcopal. Eq. or eq. Equal; Equivalent. Equiv., or equiv. Equivalent. Er. Erbium. E. S. E. East-South-East. Esq., or Esqr. Esquire. et al. Et alibi, And elsewhere; Et alii, or aliae, And others. Etc., etc., or &c. Et caeteri, caeterae, or caetera, And others; And so forth. et seq. Et sequentes, or et sequentia, And the following. Ex. Example; Exception; Exodus. Exch. Exchequer; Exchange. Exod. Exodus. F F. French; Fellow; Folio; Friday; Fluorine; Fahrenheit. F., or f. Feminine; Franc, Francs; Florin, Florins; Farthing, Farthings; Foot, Feet. Fahr. Fahrenheit. F. A. M. Free and Accepted Masons. Far. Farthing. Fe. Ferrum, Iron. Feb. February. Fec., or fec. Fecit, He (or she) did it. Fem., or fem. Feminine. F. F. V. First Families of Virginia. [Humorous.] Fl., or fl. Florin, Florins. Fla. Florida. Fo., fo., Fol., or fol. Folio. F. O. B., or f. o. b. Free on board. Fr. France; Francis; French. fr. From. Fri. Friday. Ft., or ft. Foot, Feet; Fort. G G. Genitive; Glucinum; German. G., or g. Guinea, Guineas; Gulf. g. Gram. Ga. Georgia; Gallium. G. A. General Assembly. Gael. Gaelic. Gal. Galatians; Galen. Gal., or gal. Gallon, Gallons. G. A. R. Grand Army of the Republic. G. B. &. I. Great Britain and Ireland. Ge. Germanium. Gen. Genesis; General; Geneva, or Genevan. Geo. George; Georgia. Geog. Geography. Geol. Geology. Geom. Geometry. Ger., or Germ. German. Gi., or gi. Gill, Gills. Gov. Governor. Gr., or gr. Grain, Grains; Great. Gram. Grammar. Gro., or gro. Gross. H H. Hydrogen. H., or h. High, Height; Harbor; Husband; Hour, Hours. ha. Hectare. Hab. corp. Habeas corpus, You may have the body. H. B. C. Hudson's Bay Company. H. B. M. His (or Her) Britannic Majesty. H. C. House of Commons; Heralds' College. Hdkf., or hdkf. Handkerchief. Heb., or Hebr. Hebrew, Hebrews. Hf.-bd., or hf.-bd. Half-bound. Hg. Hydrargyrum, Mercury. hg. Hektogram. H. H. His (or Her) Highness; His Holiness (the Pope). Hhd., or hhd. Hogshead, Hogsheads. H. L. House of Lords. hl. Hektoliter. H. M. His (or Her) Majesty. hm. Hectometer. H. M. S. His (or Her) Majesty's Steamer, Ship or Service. Hon. Honorable. Hort. Horticulture, Horticultural. H. P. Horse power. H. R. House of Representatives. Hr., or hr. Hour. H. R. H. His (or Her) Royal Highness. H. R. I. P. Hic requiescit in pace, Here rests in peace. I I. Iodine; Island. Ib., ib., Ibid., or ibid. Ibidem, In the same place. Ich., or Ichth. Ichthyology. Id., or id. Idem, The same. Id. Idaho. I. e., or i. e. Id est, That is. Ill., or Ills. Illinois. Imp. Imperial. In., or in. Inch, Inches. Incog. Incognito, Unknown. Ind. India; Indian; Indiana. Ind., ind., Indic., or indic. Indicative. Inf., or inf. Infinitive. In loc., or in loc. In loco, In its place. inst. Instant (the present month). Int., or int. Interest. in trans. In transitu, On the passage. Inv. Invoice. Io. Iowa. I. O. F. Independent Order of Foresters. I. O. G. T. Independent Order of Good Templars. I. O. O. F. Independent Order of Odd Fellows. I. O. U. I owe you (an acknowledgment for money). Ir. Ireland, Irish; Iridium. Is., or Isa. Isaiah. Is. Isl., or isl. Island. I. T. Indian Territory. It., or Ital. Italian, Italic, Italy. J J. Judge, Justice; Julius. Jan. January. Jas. James. J. C. Jesus Christ; Julius Caesar. Jno. John. Jona. Jonathan. Jos. Joseph. Josh. Joshua. J. P. Justice of the Peace. J. Prob. Judge of Probate. Jr., or jr. Junior. J. R. Jacobus Rex, King James. Jul. July. Jun. June. Jun., or jun. Junior. K K. King; Knight; Potassium. Kal. Kalends. Kan., or Kans. Kansas. K. B. Knight of the Bath. K. C. B. Knight Commander of the Bath. Ken., or Ky. Kentucky. K. G. Knight of the Garter (in Great Britain). kg. Kilogram. kl. Kiloliter. km. Kilometer. K. P. Knights of Pythias. Ks. Kansas. Ky. Kentucky. L L. Lady; Latin; Law; Left; Lord; Low; Lithium; London. L., or l. Lake; Lane; Latitude; League; Line; Link. L., Lb., lb., or lb. Libra, A pound in weight. L., l., or (pound symbol). A pound sterling. l. Liter. La. Louisiana; Lanthanum. Lat. Latin. Lat., or lat. Latitude. l.c. Lower case; Loco citato, In the place before cited. L. C. M. Least Common Multiple. LD. Low Dutch. Lea., or lea. League. Leg. Legato, Smoothly. Leg., or Legis. Legislature, Legislative. Leip. Leipzig, or Leipsic. Lev. Leviticus. Lex. Lexicon. LG. Low German. L. I. Long Island; Light infantry. Li., or L. Lithium. Lib. Librarian, Library. Lib., or lib. L Longitude. Loq. Loquitur, He speaks. L. S. D., (pound symbol) s. d., or l.s.d. Libra, Solidi, Denarii, Pounds, Shillings, Pence. M M. Marquis; Monday; Middle; Monsieur; Morning; Mille, Thousand; Meridies, Meridian, or Noon. m. Married; Meter. M., or m. Masculine; Moon; Month; Minute; Mill; Mile; Muster; Member; Medicine. M. A. Military Academy; Master of Arts. Mag. Magazine. Maj. Major. Mar. March; Maritime. Mass. Massachusetts. Math. Mathematics. Matt. Matthew. M. C. Member of Congress. Mch. March. M. D. Medicinae Doctor, Doctor of Medicine. Md. Maryland. Mdlle. Mademoiselle. M. E. Methodist Episcopal; Military, Mining, or Mechanical Engineer. Me. Maine. Meas. Measure. Mem. Memorandum, Remember. Messrs. Messieurs, Gentlemen. Mg. Magnesium. mg. Milligram. Mich. Michigan. Min. Minute. Minn. Minnesota. Miss. Mississippi. ml. Milliliter. Mlle. Mademoiselle. mm. Millimeter. Mme. Madame. Mn. Manganese. Mo. Missouri; Molybdenum. Mo., or mo. Month. Moham. Mohammedan. Mon., or Mond. Monday. Mons. Monsieur, or Sir. Mont. Montana. Mos., or mos. Months. M. P. Member of Parliament. Mr. Master, or Mister. Mrs. Mistress (as an abbreviation pronounced missis). MS. Manuscript. MSS. Manuscripts. Mt. Mount, or Mountain. Mts. Mountains. Mus. Music, Musical; Museum. N N. Noon; North; Note; Name; New; Number; Nitrogen; Norse. N., or n. Noun; Neuter; Nail, Nails. N. A. North America, North American. Na. Natrium, Sodium. N. A. S. National Academy of Sciences. N. B. New Brunswick; Nota bene, Note well, or take notice. Nb. Niobium. N. C. North Carolina. N. D. No date. N. Dak. North Dakota. N. E. North-East; New England. Neb. Nebraska. Neh. Nehemiah. Nem. con., nem. con. Nemine contradicente, No one contradicting; Unanimously. Neth. Netherlands. Neut., or neut. Neuter. Nev. Nevada. New. M. New Mexico. New Test., or N. T. New Testament. N. F. Newfoundland. N. H. New Hampshire. Ni. Nickel. N. J. New Jersey. N. L., or N. Lat. North Latitude. N. Mex. New Mexico. N. N. E. North-North-East. N. N. W. North-North-West. No. Norium. No., or no. Numero, Number. N. O. New Orleans. Nom., or nom. Nominative. Non seq., or non seq. Non sequitur, It does not follow. Nor., or Norm. Norman. Norw. Norway, Norwegian. Nos., or nos. Numbers. Nov. November. N. P. Notary Public. N. S. Nova Scotia; New Style (since 1752). Nux vom. Nux vomica. N. W. North-West. N. W. T. North-West Territory. N. Y. New York. N. Z., or N. Zeal. New Zealand. O O. Ohio; Oxygen; Old. Ob., or ob. Obiit, Died. Obj., or obj. Objective; Objection. Obt., or Obdt. Obedient. Oct. October. O. F. Odd Fellows. O. K. All correct. Old. Test., or O. T. Old Testament. Op. Opposite; Opus; Opera. Ore., or Oreg. Oregon. Ornith. Ornithology, Ornithological. O. S. Old Style (previous to 1752). Os. Osmium. Oxon. Oxonia, Oxford. Oz., or oz. Ounce, Ounces. P P., or p. Page; Part; Participle; Past; Pole; Phosphorus; Pint; Penny; Pipe. Pa. Pennsylvania. p. a. Participial adjective. Par. Paragraph. Parl. Parliament, Parliamentary. Part, or part. Participle. Pass., or pass. Passive. Pb. Plumbum, Lead. P. C. Privy Council (or Councilor); Patres Conscripti, Conscript Fathers. Pd. Paid; Palladium. P. E. Protestant Episcopal. P. E. I. Prince Edward Island. Penn. Pennsylvania. Pent. Pentecost. Per., or pers. Persia, Persian. Per an., or per an. Per annum, By the year. Per cent., per cent., Per ct., or per ct. Per centum, By the hundred. Perf., or perf. Perfect. Pg. Portuguese. Ph. B. Philosophiae Baccalaureus, Bachelor of Philosophy. Ph. D. Philosophiae Doctor, Doctor of Philosophy. Phil., or Phila. Philadelphia. Physiol. Physiology. Pinx., or pinx. Pinxit, He (or she) painted it. Pk., or pk. Peck. Pkgs. Packages. Pks., or pks. Pecks. Plff. Plaintiff. Plup., plup., Plupf., Pluperfect. Plur., or plur. Plural. P. M. Postmaster; Past Master; Past Midshipman; Post Meridiem, Afternoon. P. M. G. Postmaster-general. P. O. Post Office; Province of Ontario. P. O. D. Post-Office Department; Pay on delivery. Polit. Econ. Political Economy. P. O. O. Post-Office Order. Pop., or pop. Population. Port. Portugal, Portuguese. Pos., pos., Poss., or poss. Possessive. pp. Pages. p.p. Past participle. P. P. C. Pour prendre conge, To take leave. p. pr. Present participle. P. Q. Previous question; Province of Quebec. Pr. Priest; Prince. Pr., or pr. Preposition; Pronoun; Price; Present. P. R. Porto Rico; Populus Romanus, The Roman people. P. R. C. Post Romanum conditum, After the building of Rome. Prep., or prep. Preposition. Pres. President. Pres., or pres. Present. Prin. Principal. Prof. Professor. Pron., or pron. Pronoun. Pros. Prosody. Prot. Protestant. Pro tem., or pro tem. Pro tempore, For the time being. Prov. Proverbs; Province. Prox., or prox. Proximo, Next; Of the next month. Prus. Prussia, Prussian. P. S. Privy Seal; Post scriptum, Postscript. Ps., or Psa. Psalm, Psalms. Psychol. Psychology. Pt. Platinum. Pt., or pt. Pint; Part; Payment; Point; Port. Pub. Doc. Public Documents. Pwt., or pwt. Pennyweight. Pxt., or pxt. Pinxit, He (or she) painted it. Q Q. Question; Quintus. Q., or q. Quadrans, A farthing. Q., or Qu. Query; Questions; Queen; Quintus; Quintius. Q. B. Queen's Bench. Q. C. Queen's Counsel; Queen's College. Q. E. D. Quod erat demonstrandum, Which was to be demonstrated. Q. l., or q. l. Quantum libet, As much as you please. Ql. Quintal. Q. M. G. Quartermaster General. Qr., or qr. Quarter (28 pounds); Quire. Q.s., or q. s. Quarter section; Quantum sufficit, A sufficient quantity. Qt., or qt. Quart; Quantity. Qts., or qts. Quarts. Qu. Queen; Question. Ques. Question. Q. v., or q. v. Quod vide, Which see. R R. Railway; Rare; Rhodium; Reaumur. R., or r. Rood; Rod; River; Right; Rector; Resides; Robert. R. A. Royal Academy; Rear Admiral; Russian America. Rad., or rad. Radix, Root; Radical. Rb. Rubidium. Rec'd. Received. Rec. Sec. Recording Secretary. Rect. Rector; Receipt. Ref. Reformed, Reformer, Reformation; Reference. Regt. Regiment. Rep. Representative; Republic; Report, Reporter. Repub. Republic, Republican. Rev. Revelation; Revolution; Review; Revenue; Revise. Rev., or Revd. Reverend. Rev. Ver. Revised Version. Rh. Rhodium. R. I. Rhode Island. Rich., or Richd. Richard. R. I. P. Requiescat in pace, May he (or she) rest in peace. Riv., or riv. River. Robt. Robert. R. R. Railroad. Rs. Rupees. R. S. V. P. Repondez, s'il vous plait, Answer, if you please. Rt. Hon. Right Honorable. Rt. Rev. Right Reverend. Ru. Ruthenium; Runic. Russ. Russia; Russian. R. V. Revised Version. Ry. Railway. S S. Sign; South; Sulphur; Saint; Sunday; Saturday; Signor; Saxon; Scribe; Sextus. S., or Sab. Sabbath. S., or s. Second; Shilling; Sun; Sets; See; Solo; Stem; Section; Series; Singular; Son; Succeeded. S. A. South America; South Africa; South Australia. Sat. Saturday. Sax. Saxon, Saxony. Sb. Stibium, Antimony. S. C. South Carolina; Senatus Consultum, A decree of the senate. s. caps., s. c. Small capitals. Sc., or sc. Scilicet, To wit; Namely; Being understood. Sc. Scandium Sc., or Sculp. Sculpsit, He (or she) engraved it. Scand. Scandinavian. Sch. Scholium, A note. Sclav. Sclavonic. Scot. Scotland, Scotch, Scottish. Scr., or scr. Scruple. Script. Scripture, Scriptural. S. Dak. South Dakota. S.E. South-East. Se. Selenium. Sec. Secretary. Sec., or sec. Second; Section. sec. Secant. Sec. Leg. Secretary of Legation. Sect., or sect. Section. Sen. Senate; Senator; Senior. Sep., or Sept. September; Septuagint. Seq., or seq. Sequentes, or sequentia, The following; The next. Serg., or Serj. Sergeant, or Serjeant. Sh., sh., S., or s. Shilling. Si. Silicium; Silicon. Sing., or sing. Singular. Skr. Sanskrit. S. Lat., or S. L. South Latitude. Slav. Slavonic, Slavonian, Slavic. Sn. Stannum, Tin. S. O., or s. o. Seller's option. Sol. Solomon; Solution. Sp. Spain, Spanish; Spirit. S. P. Sine prole, Without issue; Childless. Sp. gr. Specific gravity. S. P. Q. R. Senatus Populusque Romanus, The Senate and People of Rome. sq., sqq. Sequens, Sequentes, And the following. Sq., or sq. Square. Sq. ft., or sq. ft. Square foot, or feet. Sq. in., or sq. in. Square inch, or inches. Sq. m., or sq. m. Square mile, or miles. Sq. r., or sq. r. Square rod, or rods. Sq. yds., or sq. yds. Square yard, or yards. Sr. Sir, or Senior; Strontium. S. R. I. Sacrum Romanum Imperium, Holy Roman Empire. SS., or ss. Scilicet, Namely; Semis, Half. S. S. E. South-South-East. S. S. W. South-South-West. St. Saint; Street; Stone; Strait; Stet, Let it stand. Stat. Statute, Statutes; Statuary. Ster., or Stg. Sterling. Subj., or subj. Subjunctive. Subst., or subst. Substantive; Substitute. Suff., or suff. Suffix. Sun., or Sund. Sunday. Sup. Superior; Supplement; Superfine; Superlative. Supt. Superintendent. Surg. Surgeon, Surgery. Surv. Surveying, Surveyor. S. W. South-West. Sw. Swedish, Sweden. Swit., or Switz. Switzerland. Syn., or syn. Synonym. Synop. Synopsis. T T. Tenor; Titus; Tullius; Tuesday. T., or t. Town, Township; Territory; Ton; Tun; Testament. Ta. Tantalum. Tan., or tan. Tangent. Te. Tellurium. Teleg. Telegraphy. Tenn. Tennessee. Ter. Territory. Teut. Teutonic. Tex. Texas. Th. Thursday; Thomas; Thorium. Theol. Theology, Theological. Theor., or theor. Theorem. Thess. Thessalonians. Thos. Thomas. Thurs. Thursday. Ti. Titanium. Tim. Timothy. Tit. Titus; Title. Tl. Thallium. Topog. Topography, Topographical. Tp. Township. Tr. Translation, Translator; Transpose; Treasurer; Trustee; Terbium. Trig. Trigonometry, Trigonometrical. Trin. Trinity. Tu. Thulium. Tu., or Tues. Tuesday. Typog. Typography, Typographical. U U. Uranium. U. C. Upper Canada; Urbs Condita, Year of Rome. U. G. R. R. Underground Railroad. U. K. United Kingdom. Ult., or ult. Ultimo, Last; Of the last month. Unit. Unitarian. Univ. University. U. S. United States. U. S. A. United States of America; United States Army. U. S. M. United States Mail; United States Marine. U. S. M. A. United States Military Academy. U. S. N. United States Navy. u. s. w. Und so weiter, And so forth. Ut. Utah. Ux. Uxor, Wife. V V. Vanadium; Victoria; Viscount. V., or v. Verb; Verse; Village; Vocative; Volume; Violin; Vide, See. V., or v. Versus, Against. Va. Virginia. Vat. Vatican. V. C. Vice Chancellor; Vice Chairman; Victoria Cross. Ven. Venerable. v. i. Verb intransitive. Vice Pres. Vice President. Vid., or vid. Vide, See. Viz., or viz. Videlicit, Namely; To wit. Vol., or vol. Volume. V. P. Vice President. V. R. Victoria Regina, Queen Victoria. V. Rev. Very Reverend. Vs., or vs. Versus, Against. V. S. Veterinary Surgeon. Vt. Vermont. W W. West; William; Wednesday; Welsh; Warden; Wolframium, Tungsten. W., or w. Week. W. A. West Africa; West Australia. Wash. Washington. W. C. T. U. Women's Christian Temperance Union. Wed. Wednesday. Westm. Westminster. wf., or w. f. Wrong font. Wk., or wk. Week. W. I. West India, West Indies. Wis. Wisconsin. W. Lon. West Longitude. Wm. William. W. N. W. West-North-West. W. S. Writer to the Signet. W. S. W. West-South-West. Wt., or wt. Weight. W. Va. West Virginia. Wyo. Wyoming. X X., or Xt. Christ. Xm., or Xmas. Christmas. Xper., or Xr. Christopher. Y Y. Yttrium. Y., or Yr. Year. Yb. Ytterbium. Yb., or Yr. B. Yearbook. Yd., or yd. Yard; Yds., Yards. Ye, or ye. The; Thee. Ym, or ym. Them. Y. M. C. A. Young Men's Christian Association. Yn, or yn. Then. Y. P. S. C. E. Young People's Society of Christian Endeavor. Yr, or yr. Their. Yr. Your; Year. Yrs. Yours; Years. Ys, or ys. This. Yt, or yt. That. Y. W. C. A. Young Women's Christian Association. Z Zn. Zinc. Zool. Zoology, Zoological. Zr. Ziconium.