Adams, JOHN QUINCY (1767-1848), sixth president of the United States, son of John Adams, the second president. He was born at Quincy, Mass, accompanied his father to Europe and was educated there in part, but graduated at Harvard in 1788. He was admitted to the bar and soon began to take an active interest in politics. His published letters on public issues having attracted general attention, in 1794 he was appointed by Washington minister to The Hague. He afterward was sent to Portugal, and by his father to Berlin. Adams entered the state Senate and was elected by the Federalists to the United States Senate from Massachusetts in 1803. During this service he became a warm follower of the Republican administration and thus incurred the displeasure of his constituents to such an extent that he resigned in 1808, and in 1809 went as ambassador to Russia. He assisted in negotiating the peace of 1814 with England and was afterward appointed resident minister at London. Under Monroe he was secretary of state, and in that capacity had much to do with framing the famous Monroe Doctrine. At the expiration of Monroe's double term of office he succeeded him in the presidency (1825) as the candidate of the so-called National-Republicans, those Republicans who favored protection and internal improvements. Little was accomplished during his administration except the passage of a protective tariff law in 1828, known as the "Tariff of Abominations" (See TARIFF). He was not able, as president, to satisfy any one of the numerous political factions, and was not reelected. In 1830 he returned to the lower house of Congress and continued to represent his state with remarkable ability till his death, his efforts being chiefly in behalf of the abolitionist party. This is the only case in which an ex-president has served in Congress.