in its broadest meaning, the art of construction. Engineering is one of the oldest of arts, and the remains of Egyptian temples and tombs as well as the pyramids are evidences that these people were well versed in engineering. The ruins of ancient Babylon and other cities of the East also bear evidence of the skill in engineering possessed by the Assyrians, the Greeks and other ancient nations. But the Romans attained the greatest skill in this art, as shown by the magnitude of their works and the architectural devices employed in their construction. The development of numerous lines of industry, each of which calls for special applications of engineering, has led to the division of the art into several sections, all of which may be graded under two main divisions, known as military engineering and civil engineering. Military engineering deals with those engineering operations connected with warfare, both on land and sea. That department connected with the construction of ships and other naval affairs is termed marine engineering, and the work of the military engineer is related to the construction of roads, fortifications and other defenses. Civil engineering is the term applied to all kinds of construction not designed for military or naval purposes. It pertains to the construction of large buildings, bridges, canals, harbors, railroads, street railways and numerous other works. This branch of the art is subdivided into numerous departments, such as electrical engineering, mechanical engineering and sanitary engineering, each of which has become highly specialized.