(1831-1896), an American soldier, born at Franklin Mills, Ohio. At the age of fifteen he moved to Madison, Wis., and from 1849 to 1855 lived in California. Returning to Wisconsin, he studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1860. In 1861 he was made captain in a Wisconsin regiment and became colonel and later captain in the regular army. At Bull Run he commanded the famous "iron brigade," and at Gettysburg led a charge at Seminary Ridge, where he was severely wounded. In the same year he was commissioned brigadier general of volunteers, but resigned. Afterward he was governor of Wisconsin for three terms, later entered the consular service, serving at Liverpool and Paris, and was minister to Spain from 1880 to 1882. He was in 1886 commander in chief of the Grand Army of the Republic.