(1721-1787), an English soldier and colonial governor of Massachusetts, born in Sussex, England. He entered the British army and served in Scotland and Flanders and with Braddock in America. At the outbreak of the last French and Indian War, he was made brigadier general and served at the head of a regiment of colonial troops. He was governor of Montreal in 1760, became major general in the following year and at the end of the war was commander in chief of the British forces in America. In 1768 he was placed at the head of a British force in Boston, but returned to England in 1772. Two years later he was appointed military governor of Massachusetts and aroused bitter resentment by his vigorous enforcement of the Boston Port Bill and the Navigation acts. It was through his order to the troops to seize the military stores at Concord that the first battle of the Revolutionary War was fought. He commanded the troops at Bunker Hill, but was recalled to England in October, 1775.