HABENARIA (from habena, a thong or strap; spur long, strap-shaped). SYN. Sieberia. ORD. Orchideae. A genus of about 400 species of terrestrial stove, greenhouse, or hardy plants with the habit of Orchis, many of which are highly ornamental, and well worthy of a place in any garden. They are found in almost all temperate and warm regions. Among the numerous genera which are now included under Habenaria are: Coeloglossum, Gymnadenia, Phyllostachya, and Platanthera. The species described below are hardy, except where stated otherwise, and form very pretty plants for boggy places, or other situations, in moist, peaty soil. For culture of stove species--of which few are now grown--see Bletia. HABENARIA bifolia (two-leaved). Butterfly Orchis. fl. white, numerous; lip lanceolate, entire, about half the length of the very long, filiform spur. June. Stem angular, 1ft. high. Britain. According to Bentham, this species varies much in the breadth of the leaves as well as of the parts of the flower, and the extreme forms have been distinguished as species, the name of HABENARIA chlorantha being given to those in which the flowers are large, and the anther cells much more broadly diverging at the base. Darwin, however, regarded HABENARIA chlorantha and HABENARIA bifolia as distinct species, and states that they require different species of moths to fertilise them. HABENARIA blephariglottis (fringed-tongued).* fl. white, beautifully fringed, in spikes. May and June. North America, 1820. (L. B. C. 925.) HABENARIA candida (white). fl. white; spike few-flowered; sepals ovate-acute, nearly equal, dorsal one horizontal; petals undivided, galeate, obtuse; lip entire, ensiform; spur pendulous, twice as long as ovary, two-lobed at apex. August. h. 1ft. Sierra Leone, 1844. Stove. HABENARIA ciliaris (ciliated). fl. orange-yellow, arranged in dense clusters; lip beautifully fringed. Stems or spikes very showy, 1 1/2ft. to 2ft. high. North America, 1796. An elegant, but rare, species. (B. M. 1668.) HABENARIA cristata (crested).* fl. golden-yellow, crowded, individually much smaller than those of HABENARIA ciliaris; lip deeply fringed. Late spring. Stem 1ft. high. North America, 1806. (L. B. C. 1661.) HABENARIA dilatata (widened). fl. white, densely arranged on slender spikes. Summer. Stem 1ft. to 2ft. high. North America, 1823. Very showy and rare. HABENARIA fimbriata (fimbriated).* fl. lilac-purple, large, and prettily fringed, arranged on a long spike. Summer. Stem 1ft. to 1 1/2ft. high. North America, 1789. (B. R. 405.) HABENARIA gigantea (gigantic). fl. greenish-white, large, about 4in. across, very fragrant; racemes four to six-flowered. July. Stem about 4ft. high. India, 1834. Stove. (B. M. 3374.) HABENARIA Helleborina (Helleborine).* fl. green, flesh-colour, sessile, distant, horizontal; lip much larger than the sepals or petals; limb semicircular; column short, broad, concealed under the dorsal sepals and petals. September. l. oblong-lanceolate, sub-acute, not plaited, five-nerved, deep green. Sierra Leone, 1870. Stove. SYN. Eulophia Helleborina. (B. M. 5875.) HABENARIA Hookerii (Hooker's). fl. greenish-white. Spikes slender, twenty to thirty-flowered, 6in. to 12in. high. June. North America, 1822. HABENARIA incisa (cut). fl. rich purple, small, fragrant, thickly set in oblong, terminal racemes. June. l., cauline ones obtusely lanceolate, deep green. h. 1ft. to 1 1/2ft. North America, 1826. SYN. Platanthera incisa. HABENARIA macrantha (large-flowered). fl., sepals and petals dark brown; lip purplish-lilac, marked with darker streaks and freckles, roundish; spike six to ten-flowered. l. sheathing, three-nerved. Sierra Leone, 1886. Stove. SYN. Gymnadenia macrantha. HABENARIA militaris (military). fl., lateral sepals green, oblong, acute, reflexed and revolute; petals green, strongly adhering to the green dorsal sepal, forming a cucullate-navicular helmet; lip scarlet, the side lobes oblong-dolabriform, spreading, the front lobe bifid; raceme lax. l. linear, acute, 8in. to 9in. long, 1/2in. broad. h. 1ft. or more. Cochin China, 1886. Stove. (W. O. A. vi. 281.) HABENARIA orbiculata (spherical). fl. greenish-white, in loose spikes. l. very large, silvery-white beneath, prostrate upon the ground. h. 1ft. to 2ft. North America. A distinct and very large species. (L. B. C. 1623.) HABENARIA psycodes (fragrant).* fl. varying from rose to crimson, very fragrant, fringed; spikes 4in. to 10in. long. June. North America, 1826. A very showy species, allied to HABENARIA fimbriata, but with smaller flowers. HABENARIA rhodochila (red-lipped).* fl., scape 9in. long; raceme about twelve-flowered; sepals green, united into a hood-like process; lip large, bright cinnabar-red. August. North China, 1884. Greenhouse. HABENARIA rotundifolia (round-leaved.) fl. rosy-purple; lip white, spotted with purple; spikes large and compact. Summer. h. 1 1/2ft. to 3ft. North America. HABENARIA salaccensis (Salakian). fl., raceme ovate, 5in. to 6in. long; pedicels short, clothed with two or three narrow-lanceolate bracts; sepals spreading, green; petals reddish, very narrow; lip elongated, tripartite; spur reflexed, narrow, tipped with orange; column short. April. l., lower ones 4in. to 5in. long, lanceolate, acuminate, striated; superior ones becoming gradually smaller, bractiform. Stem 12in. to 14in. high, partially clothed at the base with two or three sheathing scales, leafy upwards. Root a tuber, and three or four thick fleshy fibres. Mount Salak, Java. Stove. (B. M. 5196.)