pah de ref'ske, (1860- ), a celebrated pianist, born in Poland. He received his musical education at Warsaw and Berlin and was made professor of music in the Conservatory of Music in Warsaw, at the age of eighteen. At twenty-four he was made professor in the Conservatory of Strassburg. Later he studied in Vienna and began professional tours, upon all of which he aroused the greatest enthusiasm, being considered the foremost of modern pianists.