a ancient city of Italy. It is situated twenty-two miles west of Venice on a small stream. It is connected with the Adige and with the Adriatic by canals. It was sacked by Alaric and by Attila. It entered upon an era of prosperity under the fostering care of Charlemagne. The city is surrounded by a wall still standing. There are seven gates. Numerous bridges and long colonnades or arcades following the principal streets give the city an exceedingly quaint and picturesque appearance. The principal building, as well as one of the oldest, is the town hall. Portions of it date from 1172. It stands on a number of open arches. The upper story is surrounded by a colonnade. A great hall on the upper floor is said to have the largest recess unsupported by columns in Europe. It is noted for a series of mural paintings, about 400 in number. There is also a cathedral with a fine old library. Petrarch was at one time, it may be remembered, its canon or cathedral clergyman. The city is known in literature chiefly for its university, founded in 1260. In the Middle Ages it had the reputation of possessing the ablest faculty of law and medicine in Europe. Among the professors were Galileo, the famous astronomer, and the anatomist, Fallopius, whose name is still attached to various organs of the human body. Dante, Petrarch, and Tasso are reckoned among the famous students. An inscription over the university gate ran as follows: So enter that thou mayst become more learned and thoughtful: So depart that thou mayst become more useful to thy country and to mankind. The university is still in existence. It is attended by from 1,200 to 1,500 students. It possesses the oldest botanical garden in Europe, a library of 140,000 volumes, and an observatory. The population of the city in 1901 was 93,560. There are local manufactures of silks, ribbons, chemicals, violins, catgut, machinery, etc. Padua deserves to be remembered as an early intellectual center of Europe. The disguised Portia in Shakespeare's Merchant of Venice pretended to be a young doctor learned in the law, "new come from Padua."