a city of Italy, capital of a province of its own name, 22 mi. w. s. w. of Venice, with which it is connected by rail. It is situated on the Bacchiglione River, which flows through the city in several branches and is crossed by numerous bridges. The houses are lofty, the streets narrow and crooked; and several of them, as well as some of the squares, are lined with medieval arcades. Of recent times the town has been much improved by the opening up of new, and the widening of old, streets. The buildings most deserving of notice are the cathedral, which dates from the sixteenth century; the Palazzo della Ragione; the large, mosque-like Church of San Antonio; the municipal picture gallery; the episcopal palace, and many private palaces. The university was long renowned as the center of law and medicine in Italy and was one of the most famous of European universities. Its students number now less than fifteen hundred. The manufactures of Padua are not of great importance. They include farm machinery, automobiles, chemicals and distilled liquors. The city is an important trading center for cattle, wine, oil and grain. Under the Romans Padua was a flourishing town, and its history is similar to that of most of the cities of Italy after the decline and fall of the Roman Empire. Latterly it was under the rule of Venice, whose fortunes it shared until 1866, when with Venice it became part of the kingdom of Italy. Livy was born at Padua. Population in 1901, 82,281.