PANDANUS (from Pandang, the Malayan name of the genus). Screw Pine. ORD. Pandaneae. A large genus (about eighty species) of stove trees or shrubs, rarely stemless herbs, or with prostrate rooting stems; they are mostly natives of the Malayan Archipelago and the Mascarenes and Seychelles, a few being found in the continents of Asia and Africa, tropical Australia, and Oceania, and in the West Indies. Flowers dioecious, the males on a clustered, thyrsoid spadix, and the females on a dense, simple one; both are terminal, the females solitary or paniculate, often pendulous during fructescence. Fruit syncarpous, globose, ellipsoid, oblong or cylindrical, often ponderous. Leaves very long or mediocre; floral ones sometimes coloured, spathaceous-bracteate. Trunk slender or robust, rather simple, or with spreading branches. Serew Pines are usually very handsome, and easily cultivated in a stove temperature. They succeed best in sandy loam, with charcoal and some leaf soil intermixed, and they require plenty of water in summer. In winter, they are best kept moderately dry at the root, and no water should be allowed to lodge in the axils of the leaves at that season. The plants always have a disposition to raise themselves out of the pots, in consequence of the direct downward course which the roots invariably pursue. One of the best and most useful species is PANDANUS Veitchii; it is largely employed, in a young state, for table decoration, for which purpose offsets should be procured so soon as they are large enough to be detached. This species, and several others, form handsome decorative or exhibition subjects in comparatively small pots. Propagated principally from offsets, which should be carefully detached from the base with the point of a sharp knife, and inserted singly in small pots. The crown of each cutting must be kept well up, the pots should be plunged in a close propagating frame, and but little water should be given until roots are formed. Propagated also from seeds, and from suckers. The species of this genus are remarkable for their aerial roots, with large, cup-like root-caps. They are of variable size, but usually form large bushes about 10ft. to 15ft. high. PANDANUS Augustianus (Auguste's). This is closely related to PANDANUS Kerchovei. The leaves are larger and more densely serrated, the nerves being green and denticulated, and the stem is broader. Papua, 1886. (I. H. 1886, 612.) PANDANUS Blancoi (Blanc's). A synonym of PANDANUS odoratissimus. PANDANUS Candelabrum. Candelabrum or Chandelier Tree. l. about 3ft. long and 2in. wide, dark green, armed at the edges with brown spines. Guinea, 1826. This species, in its native habitat, "forms a magnificent branching tree, attaining a height of 30ft. or even more, and sending down large roots, which look like stems, and secure them in their positions." PANDANUS Candelabrum variegatus (variegated).* l. narrow, from 3ft. to 6ft. or more in length, slightly pendulous, armed with white spines on the edges, and reversed ones at the back of the midrib; ground colour bright green, with bands of pure white extending from base to apex. Java, 1875. A plant of great beauty. SYN. PANDANUS javanicus variegatus. See Fig. 17. PANDANUS Candelabrum (candelabra-formed), of Bot. Mag. A synonym of PANDANUS utilis. PANDANUS caricosus (Carex-like). fl. yellowish-white; inflorescence erect, terminal, dense, about 8in. long by 2 1/2in. thick; bracts the same colour as the flowers. l. narrow, channelled, glaucous, not very spiny. Moluccas, 1879. Shrub of rather dwarf habit, branching at base. (R. H. 1878, 84.) PANDANUS ceramensis (Island of Ceram). A synonym of PANDANUS conoideus. PANDANUS conoideus (conoid).* l. forming a neat, spreading tuft, dark green, elegantly arched, of moderate length, carinate, spiny on the margin, and on the two secondary ridges of the upper surface, while the keel is smooth. New Caledonia, &c., 1872. A small, freely-branching tree, about 14ft. high. SYNS. PANDANUS ceramensis, PANDANUS decorus. PANDANUS decorus (becoming). A synonym of PANDANUS conoideus. PANDANUS elegantissimus (very elegant). A synonym of PANDANUS utilis. PANDANUS flabelliformis (flabellate). A synonym of PANDANUS utilis. PANDANUS foetidus (stinking). fl., partial racemes or thyrses of the male flower simple. fr. wedge-shaped, angular, single. l. as in PANDANUS odoratissimus, but smaller. India, 1842. Plant usually in the form of a thick, impenetrable bush, 5ft. to 6ft. high. PANDANUS furcatus (forked). l. bright green, broadish, very much acuminated, armed both on the margins and on the keel with sharp spines, the lower of which are curved, and those near the point straight, greenish at first, and becoming brown as they mature. India and Indian Archipelago, 1824. A very handsome tree, somewhat rare in cultivation. The specific name, furcatus, alludes to the little forked spine with which the drupes are crowned. SYN. PANDANUS Lais. See Fig. 18. PANDANUS glaucescens (glaucescent).* l. spreading, glaucous, and densely packed, armed with white spines, and terminated by a long point. 1865. India. An elegant, herbaceous plant. PANDANUS graminifolius (grass-leaved). l. 12in. to 18in. long, three to four lines wide; margins densely, and rib beneath sparingly, spinulose; spines minute, straight. h. 2ft. Tenasserim. A pretty, dwarf-growing shrub, very useful for table decoration, &c. PANDANUS graminifolius (grass-leaved), of gardens. A garden name for a species of Freycinetia. PANDANUS Grusonianus (Gruson's). l. numerous, very narrowly linear-lanceolate, densely serrated from base to apex, the teeth brilliant red, acute, the midrib keeled below and slenderly spicate. Stem short. Amirantes Islands, 1887. (I. H. ser. v. 12.) SYN. Barrotia Grusoniana. PANDANUS heterocarpus (variable-fruited).* l. broad, from 3ft. to 6ft., or even more, in length, of a dark shining green above, lighter or somewhat glaucous beneath, armed at the margins and the back of the midrib with short, white spines. Philippines, 1866. A very handsome and ornamental species. SYN. PANDANUS ornatus, of gardens. PANDANUS Hornei (Horn's). A synonym of PANDANUS Houlletii. PANDANUS Houlletii (Houllet's).* l. from 4ft. to 5ft. long, 3in. wide, carinate, spinescent on the margin and keel, contracted rather suddenly at the summit into a triangular, cuspidate point, 6in. to 8in. long, and of a greenish-red above and deep coppery beneath. Singapore, 1868. An elegant species. SYN. PANDANUS Hornei. See Fig. 19. (R. H. 1868, 210.) PANDANUS javanicus variegatus (Javanese variegated). A synonym of PANDANUS Candelabrum variegatus. PANDANUS Kerchovei (Comte de Kerchove's). l. very narrow, attenuated and acute at apex, densely toothed, the middle nerve keeled below, the lateral ones numerous, one or two of the primary ones keeled above, confluent towards the apex; teeth greyish-white. Stem short, attenuated. Amirantes Islands, 1886. (I. H. 1886, 600.) PANDANUS Lais (Lais). A synonym of PANDANUS furcatus. PANDANUS mauritianus (Mauritian). A synonym of PANDANUS utilis. PANDANUS minor (lesser).* fr. sub-erect, as large as the fist, composed of about 150 yellow drupes; drupes with a hemispherical top, terminated by a short, brownish, claw-like spine. l. sub-distichous, 1 1/2ft. to 2ft. long, gracefully recurving, keeled, the margins spinulose. Stems slender, about 3ft. long, prostrate. Bengal, 1878. (B. M. 6347, under name of PANDANUS unguifer.) PANDANUS odoratissimus (very odorous).* fr., drupes 2in. long, seventy to ninety in an oblong-elliptical, drooping head, 6in. to 10in. long. l. in drooping tufts, terminating the short branches, bright green, 3ft. to 5ft. long, armed with short, white spines. h. 20ft. Tropical Asia. A slender tree. The specific name is owing to the odour exhaled by the male inflorescence; a scent, much esteemed in Java, &c., is obtained from it. SYN. PANDANUS Blancoi. See Fig. 20. PANDANUS odoratissimus (very odorous). A garden synonym of PANDANUS utilis. PANDANUS ornatus (adorned). A garden synonym of PANDANUS heterocarpus. PANDANUS Pancheri (Pancher's).* l. linear, 3ft. to 5ft. long and about 2in. broad; margins spinose-toothed, carinate beneath; the lower half of the carina reddish, and strongly spinose-toothed. New Caledonia, 1878. SYN. Barrotia Pancheri. (I. H. 288.) PANDANUS polycephalus (many-headed). l. long, narrow, glaucous, spreading in elegant curves, and furnished at the head and keel with spines, the former pointing backwards, the latter forwards. Philippine Islands, 1866. A graceful perennial, of rather dwarf habit. SYN. PANDANUS Porteanus. PANDANUS Porteanus (Porte's). A synonym of PANDANUS polycephalus. PANDANUS pygmaeus (pigmy). fl. on a short, erect peduncle, buried among the upper leaves. l. at the extremities of the branches, about 1ft. long, spirally arranged in threes, from an amplexicaul, broad base, linear-subulate, the margins and keel fringed with white, spinulose serratures. Madagascar. A low-spreading shrub, not 2ft. high in the centre, but from the base sending out numerous branches in all directions. (B. M. 4736.) PANDANUS reflexus (reflexed). l. pendulous, or bent back, from 4ft. to 6ft. long, dark shining green, armed with long, white spines on the edges, and reversed ones on the under side of the midrib. India, 1818. PANDANUS utilis (useful).* fr. in long, trigono-globose, long-peduncled, pendulous heads, about 6in. in diameter, containing 100 drupes about 1 1/2in. long. l. glaucous, erect, 1ft. to 2 3/4ft. long, armed with sharp red spines. h. (in its native place) 60ft. Madagascar. See Fig. 21. (I. H. 1860, 265.) SYNS. PANDANUS Candelabrum (B. M. 5014), PANDANUS elegantissimus, PANDANUS flabelliformis (R. H. 1866, 271,), PANDANUS mauritianus (I. H. 1860, 265,), PANDANUS odoratissimus (of gardens). PANDANUS Vandermeeschii (Vandermeesch's).* fr. in trigono-globose heads, containing over 100 fusiform drupes, 1in. long; peduncle often red. l. stiff, sub-erect, 2 1/2ft. to 3ft. long, 1 1/2in. to 2in. broad, very glaucous, the thickened, red margins armed with strong, red, pungent spines; midrib red, prominent, also spiny. Stem light in colour, 5in. to 6in. in diameter. h. 20ft. Mauritius. Tree. PANDANUS Veitchii (Veitch's).* l. broad, 2ft. long, somewhat pendulous, spiny, of a dark green in the centre, and bordered with broad bands of pure white. Polynesia, 1868. A very beautiful plant. (R. G. 1872, 310.)