an important cereal. It was originally a wild grass. It is thought to have been cultivated first in the region between the Black Sea and the Caspian. There are several large bottle-brush grasses in America that are properly known as wild rye. The cultivation of rye has some advantages over that of oats, wheat, and barley. It is little subject to attack by the chinch bug. It is less readily killed by continued frost. It grows fairly well on light or exhausted land without requiring a rotation or change of crops, being in the latter respect more like timothy or wild meadow grass. Little chaff is released in threshing. Rye is raised chiefly in northern Europe. Its flour makes the black rye bread of Germany, Russia, and the Scandinavian countries. Mixed with wheaten flour it is gaining favor in America. Rye is the foundation of Kvas, the Russian national drink, of Holland gin, and of rye whiskey. Statistics for 1907-9 place the annual yield of rye as follows: Country. Bushels. United States . . . . . 32,000,000 Canada . . . . . 2,000,000 Great Britain and Ireland . . . . . 2,000,000 Sweden . . . . . 26,008,000 Denmark . . . . . 18,000,000 Netherlands . . . . . 14,000,000 Belgium . . . . . 20,000,000 France . . . . . 53,000,000 Spain . . . . . 26,000,000 Italy . . . . . 3,200,000 Germany . . . . . 400,000,000 Austria-Hungary . . . . . 150,000,000 Roumania . . . . . 5,000,000 Bulgaria . . . . . 7,000,000 Russia in Europe . . . . . 700,000,000 Russia in Asia . . . . . 30,194,000 Japan . . . . . 35,000,000 TOTAL WORLD'S CROP. 1904 . . . . . 1,742,000,000 1905 . . . . . 1,496,000,000 1906 . . . . . 1,432,000,000 1907 . . . . . 1,537,000,000 1908 . . . . . 1,587,000,000 The Orange Judd Farmer's estimate of the American rye crop of 1909 is: State. Bushels. New York . . . . . 2,363,000 Pennsylvania . . . . . 5,175,000 Texas . . . . . 20,000 Arkansas . . . . . 30,000 Tennessee ..... 132,000 West Virginia ..... 156,000 Kentucky ..... 154,000 Ohio ..... 646,000 Michigan ..... 4,695,000 Indiana ..... 880,000 Illinois ..... 1,003,000 Wisconsin ..... 4,794,000 Minnesota ..... 1,720,000 Iowa ..... 1,044,000 Missouri ..... 225,000 Kansas ..... 686,000 Nebraska ..... 1,365,000 North Dakota ..... 648,000 South Dakota ..... 510,000 California ..... 990,000 Oregon ..... 180,000 Washington ..... 60,000 Oklahoma ..... 36,000 Other states ..... 2,640,000 Total ..... 30,152,000