TSUGA (the Japanese name for these trees). ORD. Coniferae. A small genus (eight species) of hardy, evergreen trees, with the ultimate branches slender and often pendulous; three are North American, and two Asiatic. Flowers monoecious; males sub-sessile, solitary in the axils of the upper leaves; female catkins solitary, terminal, globose, with few empty, stipitate scales. Leaves acicular or narrow-linear, spirally scattered, sometimes distichously spreading, flat or (in one species) convex above. Cones sub-globose, often reflexed, 1in. or less in length, or (in one species) rather longer. The species of this genus are often confused with those of Abies. For culture, see Pinus. TSUGA Brunoniana (Brown's). l. solitary, somewhat distichous or scattered, flat, linear, spreading, obtuse or slightly pointed, minutely toothed towards the apex, reflexed on the margins, glossy-green above, milky-mealy below. cones terminal, 1in.long, solitary, sessile. Branches numerous, slender, pendent. h. 70ft. to 80ft. Bhotan. (G. C. n. s., xxvi., pp. 73, 501) SYNS. Abies Brunoniana, A. dumosa. TSUGA canadensis (Canadian).* Hemlock Spruce. l. solitary, flat, irregularly distichous, 1/2in. to 3/4in. long, downy when young, rough at the margins, blunt, vivid light green above, with two silvery stripes beneath. cones pendulous at the tips of the branches, 5/8in. to 7/8in. long, oval. Branches numerous, slender and downy when young, spreading, rather flat. h. 60ft. to 80ft. North America, 1736. SYN. Abies canadensis. The following varieties are enumerated by Gordon, in "The Pinetum": TSUGA canadensis alba-spica (white-spiked). A rather pretty form, differing from the type in having the leaves on the ends of the young growth of a whitish colour. TSUGA canadensis gracilis (slender). l. linear, blunt-pointed, glossy above, glaucous beneath, more or less obliquely placed all round the shoots, and seldom more than 1/4in. long. Branches and branchlets very slender, little divided, more or less drooping at the ends. TSUGA canadensis milfordensis (Milford). A dwarf variety, globular in form, with the shoots slender and drooping, and the leaves much smaller than those of the type; but it is quite distinct from gracilis. TSUGA canadensis nana (dwarf). A dwarf variety, not exceeding 3ft. in height, and spreading on the ground, with a more tufted foliage than the type. TSUGA caroliniana (Carolina). l. larger, wider, and darker-coloured than in TSUGA canadensis, six to ten lines long, and nearly one line broad, retuse or often notched at the ends. cones also larger, ten to sixteen lines long, the scales oblong, longer than wide, spreading when ripe at nearly right angles, the broad bracts slightly cuspidate, the seeds less than half the length of the narrow wing. h. 50ft. to 60ft. North Carolina, 1886. A compact, pyramidal tree, with flattened spray. (G. C. n. s., xxvi., p. 781.) TSUGA Hookeriana (Hooker's).* l. closely set, linear, mucronate, and erect, of a pale, slightly glaucous tint. cones ovoid-cylindrical, 1 1/2in. to 2in. long, 1/2in. wide, pendent, dark purple, when ripe pale fawn-coloured; scales coriaceous-imbricated; bracts short, persistent. California, 1854. A very graceful tree, thickly branched, and very distinct. TSUGA Mertensiana (Mertens').* Very similar to TSUGA canadensis, distinguished by its shorter, slenderer leaves, more robust and rapid growth, more spreading branches, and deeper, red-coloured bark; and also by the more elongated scales of its cones and the proportionately longer wings of the seeds h. 100ft. to 150ft. California, 1851. SYN. Abies Mertensiana. TSUGA Pattoniana (Patton's).* Californian Hemlock Spruce. l. angular, acutish, attenuate at the base, often curved, 1/2in. to 1in. long. cones cylindrical-oblong, 2in. to 3in. long. Sierra Nevada, 1851. Described by Dr. Engleman as "a tall, strictly pyramidal tree, 100ft. to 150ft. high, and 2ft. to rarely 4ft. through, of graceful habit, with slender, pubescent branchlets, and light green foliage." SYN. Abies Williamsoni. TSUGA Roezlii (Roezl's). l. scattered, short, slightly twisted, flat above, rounded beneath, green on both surfaces. cones about 2in. long, with large, entire, thin scales; seeds deep red, very small, with a large, membranous wing. Branches pendulous. h. 50ft. to 60ft. North California. A curious species, with the habit of Cedrus Deodara.(R. H. 1870, 21.) TSUGA Sieboldii (Siebold's).* l. solitary, somewhat distichous, thickly set on the branches, frequently alternate, flat, slightly linear, obtuse, rarely acute, entire, dark green above, with two white-glaucous bands beneath. cones terminal, 1in. long, elliptic, blunt. Branches irregularly spreading, drooping at the ends; branchlets slender, recurved. h. 80ft. to 100ft. Japan. SYN. Abies Tsuga.